Introduction
WordPress is a popular content management system (CMS) used to create websites and blogs. This tutorial will guide you through the process of installing WordPress with Nginx as the web server and Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate for secure connections on Ubuntu 22.04.
Prerequisites
Before you begin, ensure you have:
- An Ubuntu 22.04 server or virtual machine
- SSH access to the server
- Root or sudo privileges
- A domain name pointed to your server’s IP address
Step 1: Update System
Before installing any new software, it’s always a good idea to update the package repository and installed packages:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
Step 2: Install Nginx
Install Nginx web server:
sudo apt install -y nginx
Step 3: Install MySQL Database Server
Install MySQL database server:
sudo apt install -y mysql-server
During the installation, you will be prompted to set a root password for MySQL.
Step 4: Install PHP and PHP Extensions
Install PHP and required PHP extensions:
sudo apt install -y php php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-xmlrpc php-soap php-intl php-zip
Step 5: Configure Nginx for WordPress
Create a new Nginx server block configuration file for your domain:
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain
Replace your_domain with your actual domain name, and add the following configuration:
server {
listen 80;
server_name your_domain www.your_domain;
root /var/www/your_domain;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
Save the file and exit the text editor.
Enable the Nginx server block configuration:
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
Test Nginx configuration:
sudo nginx -t
Reload Nginx to apply the changes:
sudo systemctl reload nginx
Step 6: Create MySQL Database and User for WordPress
Log in to the MySQL shell as the root user:
sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter the MySQL root password when prompted.
Create a new database for WordPress:
CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
Create a new MySQL user and grant privileges to the WordPress database:
CREATE USER 'wordpressuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wordpressuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;
Replace your_password with a strong password for the MySQL user.
Step 7: Install WordPress
Download and extract the latest version of WordPress:
cd /tmp
curl -O https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
tar xzvf latest.tar.gz
Copy the extracted WordPress files to the Nginx document root directory:
sudo cp -a /tmp/wordpress/. /var/www/your_domain
Set the correct permissions on the WordPress files:
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/your_domain
Step 8: Configure WordPress
Copy the sample WordPress configuration file:
sudo cp /var/www/your_domain/wp-config-sample.php /var/www/your_domain/wp-config.php
Edit the WordPress configuration file:
sudo nano /var/www/your_domain/wp-config.php
Update the database connection settings with the MySQL database details:
define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' );
define( 'DB_USER', 'wordpressuser' );
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'your_password' );
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' );
Replace your_password with the password you set for the MySQL user.
Step 9: Set Up Let’s Encrypt SSL
Install Certbot for Let’s Encrypt:
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
Obtain an SSL certificate for your domain:
sudo certbot --nginx -d your_domain
Follow the on-screen prompts to obtain and install the SSL certificate.
Step 10: Complete WordPress Installation
Open a web browser and navigate to your domain:
https://your_domain
Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the WordPress installation by providing site information, creating an administrator account, and installing WordPress.
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have successfully installed WordPress with Nginx and Let’s Encrypt SSL on Ubuntu 22.04. You can now log in to your WordPress dashboard and start building your website or blog.
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